115 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
115 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
# ISO
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Making and writing an installable iso for `hosts/NixOS.nix` is as simple as:
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```sh
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flk iso NixOS
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dd bs=4M if=result/iso/*.iso of=/dev/$your_installation_device \
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status=progress oflag=sync
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```
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This works for any file matching `hosts/*.nix` excluding `default.nix`.
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## Remote access to the live installer
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The iso live installer comes preconfigured with a network configuration
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which announces it's hostname via [MulticastDNS][mDNS] as `hostname.local`,
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that is `NixOS.local` in the above example.
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In the rare case that [MulticastDNS][mDNS] is not availabe or turned off
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in your network, there is a static link-local IPv6 address configured to
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`fe80::47`(mnemonic from the letter's position in the english alphabet:
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`n=14 i=9 x=24; 47 = n+i+x`).
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Provided that you have added your public key to the authorized keys of the
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`nixos` user:
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```nix
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{ ... }:
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{
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users.users.nixos.openssh.authorizedKeys.keyFiles = [
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../secrets/path/to/key.pub
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];
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}
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```
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You can then ssh into the live installer through one of the
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following options:
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```console
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ssh nixos@NixOS.local
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ssh nixos@fe80::47%eno1 # where eno1 is your network interface on which you are linked to the target
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```
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_Note: the [static link-local IPv6 address][staticLLA] and [MulticastDNS][mDNS] is only
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configured on the live installer. If you wish to enable [MulticastDNS][mDNS]
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for your environment, you ought to configure that in a regular [profile](../../profiles)._
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## ISO image nix store & cache
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The iso image holds the store to the live environment and _also_ acts as a binay cache
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to the installer. To considerably speed up things, the image already includes all flake
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`inputs` as well as the `devshell` closures.
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While you _could_ provision any machine with a single stick, a bespoke iso maximises
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those local cache hits.
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For hosts that don't differ too much, a common usb stick might be ok, whereas when
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there are bigger differences, a bespoke usb stick will be considerably faster.
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## EUI-64 LLA & Host Identity
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The iso's IPv6 Link Local Address (LLA) is configured with a static 64-bit Extended
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Unique Identifiers (EUI-64) that is derived from the host interface's Message
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Authentication Code (MAC) address.
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After a little while (a few seconds), you can remotely disvover this unique and host
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specific address over [NDP][NDP] for example with:
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```console
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ip -6 neigh show # also shows fe80::47
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```
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***This LLA is stable for the host, unless you need to swap that particular network card.***
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Under this reservation, though, you may use this EUI-64 to wire up a specific
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(cryptographic) host identity.
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## Bootstrap Target Machine
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_Note: nothing prevents you from remotely exceuting the boostrapping process._
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Once your target host has booted into the live iso, you need to partion
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and format your disk according to the [official manual][manual].
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### Mount partitions
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Then properly mount the formatted partitions at `/mnt`, so that you can
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install your system to those new partitions.
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Mount `nixos` partition to `/mnt` and — for UEFI — `boot`
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partition to `/mnt/boot`:
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```console
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$ mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
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$ mkdir -p /mnt/boot && mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot # UEFI only
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$ swapon /dev/$your_swap_partition
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```
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### Install
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Install using the `flk` wrapper baked into the iso off of a copy of devos
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from the time the iso was built:
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```console
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$ cd /iso/devos
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$ nix develop
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$ flk install NixOS --impure # use same host as above
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```
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<!-- TODO: find out why --impure is necesary / PRs welcome! -->
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[manual]: https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-installation-partitioning
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[mDNS]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_DNS
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[NDP]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol
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[staticLLA]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7404
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